What is AAC?
AAC stands for augmentative and alternative communication. It is a way of communicating that replaces (alternative) or supplements (augmentative) verbal communication. It can come in a variety of forms, including low-tech options such as alphabet boards or picture exchange systems, or high-tech options such as a speech generating device (SGD).
Who uses AAC?
Many people associate the use of AAC with non-verbal communicators. However, AAC is helpful for many individuals who face challenges with verbal communication. It certainly can provide a voice for those who are non-verbal, such as some children with Autism or Deaf/hard of hearing individuals. AAC is also for those who can communicate verbally, but may be difficult to understand, such as children with apraxia of speech or severe phonological disorders, adults with aphasia post-stroke, or adults with neurodegenerative diseases who may slowly lose their ability to speak over time. AAC can be the primary form of communication, or can supplement at times when clear and efficient communication is important (e.g., emergencies) or when clearer and easier communication is desired.
Speech Generating Devices
Speech generating devices, or SGDs, are a high-tech form of AAC that has speech output – in other words, the device produces an audible message. SGDs are typically in tablet form (e.g., an iPad) and equipped with communication software that can be personalized to the individual using the device. SGDs are often accessed by tapping icons on the screen, which represent individual words or messages, though alternative access options are available for those with limited mobility (e.g., eye gaze or various buttons and switches). There are many options available, for the device itself, the software, accessories, and access options. A speech-language pathologist can support the selection of a device and provide guidance to determine which option is the best fit for the user.
Low-tech AAC
Although many individuals desire to use a SGD, there are several reasons low-tech AAC may be a better fit for some communicators, such as personal preference and the ability to learn a complex system. Low-tech AAC options may also be used temporarily, as they can often be obtained more quickly. This is especially useful for providing access to communication following traumatic accidents or injuries that impair an individual’s ability to communicate their medical needs. Again, a speech-language pathologist is consulted when choosing and implementing low-tech AAC and can provide therapy to teach the system to new users, or improve communication skills for existing users.
What about verbal communication?
For parents first exploring AAC as a primary or supplementary form of communication for their child, concerns about abandoning verbal communication often arise. Will introducing AAC stop any progress with verbal communication? Will their child lose all motivation to make attempts at communicating verbally? In fact, AAC often actually enhances verbal communication for children with this capability. AAC decreases frustration with communication for pre-verbal communicators and provides them with the ability to communicate in a way that is immediately accessible to them. This gives them the freedom to continue to work on their verbal communication without the pressure of getting it right now. Another benefit of AAC for pre-verbal children is that they are able to interact with the form, content, and use of language sooner rather than later. If they do develop verbal communication later on, they are not starting from the beginning, as they have already developed a vocabulary and an understanding of language structure.
Talk to a speech-language pathologist at our Tukwila pediatric speech-language therapy clinic if you have questions about AAC, or are interested in exploring AAC options for yourself or your child!